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TEAR 2007
Introduction to the Second Workshop on Trends in Enterprise Architecture Research (TEAR 2007)
Marc Lankhorst, Pontus Johnson   

The first workshop on Trends in Enterprise Architecture Research (TEAR) was held in conjunction with the Enterprise Computing Conference (EDOC) in Hong Kong in October 2006. The positive response to that event encouraged us to hold the second workshop before a full year had passed. TEAR 2007 is therefore co-located with the European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS) in St. Gallen, Switzerland in June 2007.

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A Balanced Scorecard Approach to Measure the Value of Enterprise Architecture
Joachim Schelp, Matthias Stutz   

The value returned by Enterprise Architecture (EA) is increasingly under consideration by researchers and practitioners. They struggle to justify the EA investments made. Quantifying the Enterprise Architecture benefits has always been a challenge because measurements and real value delivered can not often be expressed in simple technical oriented metrics only.  In this paper we suggest a multi-perspective framework, based on the concept of Balanced Scorecard (BSC), for providing guidance about where to identify and quantify the value of EA from the perspective of management. A derived methodology is used to localize a few selected Key Performance Indicators (KPI’s) for measuring the benefits of Enterprise Architecture that help practitioners to design and implement the suggested framework.

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Teaching Enterprise Architecture and Service-Oriented Architecture in Practice
Alain Wegmann, Gil Regev, José Diego de la Cruz, Lam-Son Lê, Irina Rychkova   
 Many companies expect their IT developers to understand their business strategy and to specify IT systems that will impact favorably the execution of their business strategy. Enterprise Architecture (EA) and Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) address these issues. In this paper, we present a course that introduces EA and SOA to undergraduate CS students. The course is based on an immersive problem-based pedagogy coupled with role playing. The goal is to have the students conceptualize the theory out of the practical experience they gain in the course. Their experience is developed through a game in which the student teams manage competing companies, specify and then develop an IT system (using workflow and web-services). The course places an emphasis on the enterprise-wide impact of the IT systems. Through their practice, the students discover some of the important good-practices used in the industry. They also learn a systemic and systematic approach to address enterprise-wide problems.
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Integrating an Enterprise Architecture Using Domain Clustering
Stephan Aier, Marten Schönherr   

Enterprise Architecture (EA) in the context of enterprise engineering addresses aspects of developing, improving and integrating organizations. The paper introduces an approach to EA proposing Integration Concepts (IC) to reconcile changing business process requirements and information systems. Being process-driven and supporting integration issues the chosen IC is a Service Oriented Architecture (SOA). Therefore the contribution aims at developing a methodology to support service engineering by defining architectural domains in an EA. The paper shows the need for methods in the field of domain engineering supporting the design of a SOA. The main contribution of the paper is an algorithm based modelling approach and a methodology to support service domain clustering. The clustering algorithms are using a model considering business processes, information systems and information system interfaces. The algorithm adopts network-centric approaches used in the field of social network analysis to define and/or identify service domain clusters in complex scenarios. The paper summarizes a case study in a globally operating company and closes with a conclusion. The paper is organized by chapters addressing context, objective, approach, case, results and lessons learned.

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Analyzing System Maintainability Using Enterprise Architecture Models
Robert Lagerström   
A fast and continuously changing business environment demands flexible software systems easy to modify and maintain. Due to the extent of interconnection between systems and the internal quality of each system many IT-decision makers find it difficult predicting the effort of making changes to their systems. To aid IT-decision makers in making better decisions regarding what modifications to make to their systems, this paper proposes extended influence diagrams and enterprise architecture models for maintainability analysis. A framework for assessing maintainability using enterprise architecture models is presented and the approach is illustrated by a fictional example decision situation.
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A Proposed Framework for Knowledge Discovery in Enterprise Architecture
M. El Kourdi, H. Shah, A. Atkins   

The aim of this research is to develop an information agent framework for knowledge discovery in enterprise architecture (EA). This framework is based on specific purpose ontology and knowledge discovery techniques. Such framework would facilitate strategic decision making for EA stakeholders by enabling them to analyze and monitor the portfolio of processes, data, applications, and organizational units in terms of their correlation and impact in the overall organization. This framework is very useful for affording key stakeholders with the appropriate view that is reliant on an accurate and concise picture of systems, applications, technologies and other infrastructure elements in the business and how these integrate to serve the enterprise. The paper discusses the concepts and components of this framework. Potential benefits of this framework over existing approaches are also discussed.

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A Framework for Project Architecture in the Context of Enterprise Architecture
Ralph Foorthuis, Sjaak Brinkkemper   
Little scientific research has as yet been done on projects conforming to Enterprise Architecture. To lay foundations for such research, this paper presents a theoretical framework for defining the Project Architecture (PA) in the context of working with Enterprise Architecture. One part of the PA is the Project Start Architecture (PSA), which bounds the project to the Enterprise Architecture (EA) and/or Domain Architecture (DA). We start with explicating the context of a PSA in terms of its relation to the EA and DA. Subsequently, we define the PA in terms of three dimensions. The first dimension con-tains four aspect areas. The second dimension features four abstraction levels. The third dimension contains two project content categories: the PSA (containing prescriptions inherited from the EA and/or DA) and the PED (the Project Exclusive Design, containing the fundamental analysis and design artifacts that have been created specifically for the project). A real-life case is used to help illu-strate and validate the theoretical framework. Additionally, a mapping with RUP artifacts is made to further clarify the framework of the PA with examples of well-known analysis and design artifact types.
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Making Sense of Enterprise Architectures as Tools of Organizational Self-Awareness (Osa)
Rodrigo Magalhaes, Marielba Zacarias, José Tribolet   
This paper builds on the capability of EAs to define the organization’s systems development environment but places special emphasis on their power as communication tools. The concept of Organizational Self-Awareness (OSA) is offered as the contextual framework for the discussion. OSA is a process which involves, firstly, the efforts of the individual organizational member in getting to know his/her work environment, through sensemaking. Sensemaking is influenced by a number of factors, some related to the individual’s psychological makeup, others related to the individual’s work environment. EAs can play a relevant role in sensemaking. From activity theory the paper highlights the process of consciousness formation in human beings as well as the mediating artefacts that shape and constrain the acquisition, accumulation and development of knowledge and self-knowledge. Among the many mediating artefacts in the work environment EAs are a special type. EAs are also boundary objects due to their distinctive ability to influence perspective making and perspective taking in the process of organizational sensemaking. The paper concludes that the design and use of EAs can play a crucial role in the formation of a collective mind about the state of the organizational processes and therefore about the state of the organization.
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The Service-Oriented Enterprise
Christoph Schroth   
Today’s organizations are changing with respect to both structure and internal working processes. As a consequence of trends such as globalization, deregulation and highly volatile markets, corporations are forced to increase their responsiveness to temporary requirements or business opportunities. Most existing organizational theories do not apply to the emerging sort of enterprise which incorporates principles such as structural decentralization, loose coupling of autonomously acting business units as well as complexity hiding on the basis of uniform interfaces. This work briefly elaborates on the concept of Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) in the field of information technology and proposes a first approach to mapping its major underlying principles to upcoming forms of organizations. We present a model of the Service-Oriented Enterprise (SOE) and leverage use cases of existing companies as well as recent theoretical approaches to demonstrate the analogy between state-of-the-art paradigms in the fields of both technology and organizational theory.  
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ISSN: 1877-2994